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SupraMotion 3.0 new technology from "FESTO":

19/4/2015

In this technique, permanent magnets, such as neodymuim magnets, are used. These magnets are arranged in specific manner. The technique also uses a superconductor element which is thermally isolated with electrical cooling system. The process is done by putting a spacer between the permanent magnets and the thermally isolated superconductor element in order to achieve the required hovering height. Consequently, the magnetic field of the magnets penetrates the superconductor element at room temperature. After that, the superconductor is cooled to a temperature below the critical temperature (-180 Celsius degree, or 93 Kalven). The purpose is when achieving that degree of temperature, the electrical resistance of the superconductor element will be eliminated. Consequently, an electrical current can pass through a circuit made of a superconductor material to unlimited time and without any presence of power source after the first given push. In other words, we can say that the magnetic field of the permanent magnets will be stored in the superconductor. After that, the spacer which has been put between the permanent magnets and the superconductor is removed, and the last will be constant at the same fixed height and can hover in the permanent magnetic field. The hovering height is several millimeters, and it varies depending on the loaded weight. It's worth to mention that the hovering height is fixed even if the surrounding ambient is air or liquid or solid, and in all spatial positions, and therefore, this allows to find a way for contactless and frictionless linear movement in all direction and even over barriers and in spatially separated areas.

The following video explains the concept of this motion technique with some practical applications which may be used in carrying and guiding missions:

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تقنيات الأتمتة -|1|- تقنية SupraMotion 3.0 الجديدة من شركة "FESTO" الألمانية...
Posted by Eng. Rami Khalil on Saturday, April 18, 2015

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Additive Manufacturing - Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Technology:

16/4/2015

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) was developed by Stratasys in Minnesota. In this process, a plastic or wax material is extruded through a nozzle that follows the part's cross sectional geometry layer by layer. The build material is usually supplied in filament form, but some setups utilize plastic pellets instead. The nozzle contains resistive heaters that keep the plastic at a temperature just above its melting point so that it flows easily through the nozzle and forms the layer. The plastic hardens immediately after flowing from the nozzle and bonds to the layer below. Once a layer is built, the platform lowers, and the extrusion nozzle deposits another layer. The layer thickness and vertical dimensional accuracy is determined by the extruder die diameter, which ranges from (0.1 to 0.3 mm). In the (X,Y) plane, (0.025 mm) resolution is achievable. A range of materials are available including ABS, polylastic, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyethylene, polypropylene, and investment casting wax.

Explaining video for the process:

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تقنيات التصنيع بالإضافة -|4|- التصنيع بالإضافة - تقنية النمذجة بترسيب المادة المنصهرة (Fused Deposition Modelling -...
Posted by Eng. Rami Khalil on Thursday, April 16, 2015

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Additive Manufacturing - Stereolithography (SLA) Technology:

10/4/2015

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Stereolithography (SLA) is the most widely used rapid prototyping technology. It can produce highly accurate and detailed polymer parts. It was the first rapid prototyping process, introduced in 1988 by 3D Systems based on work by inventor Charles Hull. It uses a low-power, highly focused UV laser to follow cross-sections of a three-dimensional object in a container of liquid photosensitive polymer. As the laser follows the layer, the polymer solidifies and the excess areas are left as liquid. When a layer is completed, a leveling blade is moved across the surface to smooth it before depositing the next layer. The platform is lowered by a distance equal to the layer thickness (typically 0.05-0.007 mm), and a subsequent layer is formed on top of the previously completed layers. This process of following and smoothing is repeated until the build is complete. Once complete, the part is elevated above the container and drained. Excess polymer is swabbed or rinsed away from the surfaces. In many cases, a final cure is given by placing the part in a UV oven. After the final cure, supports are cut off the part and surfaces are polished, sanded or otherwise finished.

Explaining video for the process:

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تقنيات التصنيع بالإضافة -|3|- التصنيع بالإضافة - تقنية (Stereolithography -...
Posted by Eng. Rami Khalil on Friday, April 10, 2015

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Additive Manufacturing - Process Cycle:

7/4/2015

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Several different additive fabrication processes are commercially available or are currently being developed. Each process may use different materials and different techniques for building the layers of a part. However, each process employs the same basic steps, listed below.

1- Create CAD model: for all additive processes, the designer must first use Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to create a 3D model of the part.

2- Convert CAD model into STL model: each form of CAD software saves the geometric data representing the 3D model in different ways. However, the STL format (initially developed for Stereolithography) has become the standard file format for additive processes. Therefore, CAD files must be converted to this file format. The STL format represents the surfaces of the 3D model as a set of triangles, storing the coordinates for the vertices and normal directions for each triangle.

3- Slice STL model into layers: using specialized software, the user prepares the STL file to be built, first designating the location and orientation of the part in the machine. Part orientation impacts several parameters, including build time, part strength, and accuracy. The software then slices the STL model into very thin layers along the (X,Y) plane. Each layer will be built upon the previous layer, moving upward in the Z direction.

4- Build part one layer at a time: the machine builds the part from the STL model by sequentially forming layers of material on top of previously formed layers. The technique used to build each layer differs greatly amongst the additive process, as does the material being used. Additive processes can use paper, polymers, powdered metals, or metal composites, depending upon the process.

5-Post-processing of part: after being built, the part and any supports are removed from the machine. If the part was fabricated from a photosensitive material, it must be cured to attain full strength. Minor cleaning and surface finishing, such as sanding, coating, or painting, can be performed to improve the part's appearance and durability.

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تقنيات التصنيع بالإضافة -|2|- التصنيع بالإضافة - دورة العملية: ---------------------------------------- إن العديد من ع...
Posted by Eng. Rami Khalil on Tuesday, April 7, 2015

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Additive Manufacturing - Definition:

1/4/2015

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Additive fabrication refers to a class of manufacturing processes, in which a part is built by adding layers of material upon one another. These processes are different from subtractive processes or consolidation processes. Subtractive processes, such as milling, turning, or drilling, use carefully planned tool movements to cut away material from a workpiece to form the desired part. Consolidation processes, such as casting or molding, use custom designed tooling to solidify material into the desired shape. Additive processes, on the other hand, do not require custom tooling or planned tool movements. Instead, the part is constructed directly from a digital 3D model created through Computer Aided Design (CAD) software. The 3D CAD model is converted into many thin layers and the manufacturing equipment uses this geometric data to build each layer sequentially until the part is completed. Due to this approach, additive fabrication is often referred to as layered manufacturing, direct digital manufacturing, or solid free form fabrication.

The most common term for additive fabrication is rapid prototyping. The term "rapid" is used because additive processes are performed much faster than conventional manufacturing processes. The fabrication of a single part may only take a couple hours, or can take a few days depending on the part size and the process. However, processes that require custom tooling, such as a mold, to be designed and built may require several weeks. Subtractive processes, such as machining, can offer more comparable production times, but those times can increase substantially for highly complex parts. The term "prototyping" is used because these additive processes were initially used only to fabricate prototypes. However, with the improvement of additive technologies, these processes are becoming increasingly capable of high-volume production manufacturing.

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تقنيات التصنيع بالإضافة -|1|- التصنيع بالإضافة - تعريف: ------------------------------- التصنيع بالإضافة هو مصطلح يشير ...
Posted by Eng. Rami Khalil on Wednesday, April 1, 2015

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SupraMotion 3.0 new technology from "FESTO":

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Additive Manufacturing - Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Technology:

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Additive Manufacturing - Stereolithography (SLA) Technology:

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Additive Manufacturing - Process Cycle:

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Additive Manufacturing - Definition:

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Eng. Rami Khalil

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SupraMotion 3.0 new technology from "FESTO":

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Additive Manufacturing - Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Technology:

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Additive Manufacturing - Stereolithography (SLA) Technology:

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Additive Manufacturing - Process Cycle:﻿

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Additive Manufacturing - Definition:

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Eng. Rami Khalil

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Additive Manufacturing - Process Cycle: